Sea Pollution

Here are my thoughts about sea pollution.

Many wastes are disposed in the sea can cause a variety of acute and chronic health conditions. The concentration, biological form, chemical form, fitness and survival of these pollutants are all aspects of whether humans would be exposed to them. There are two ways in which humans can be contaminated by such pollution. The first is direct contact or through the skin, lungs, or to be consumed, swimming in contaminated seawater would be a good way to be infected by direct contact method. The second way is an indirect way, as the consumption of plants or animals coming from the infected area.

Indirect infection is an important way in which humans are exposed to toxic organic chemicals and metals because they can be built in bio plants and animals that humans consume. Direct contamination is a less important area where people can be exposed to toxic organic chemicals and metals because they tend to the low concentration in seawater.

Persistent 'conservative' and 'pollutants such as toxic metals and PCBs break down slowly in any case, while "not conservative' and 'labile' pollutants such as biodegradable or volatile organic compounds are rapidly degraded and removed from the area. The" conservative 'and' persistent 'pollutants are the most problematic because of its persistence in the environment increases their chances of reaching and affect humans.

There are three main categories of pollutants into the sea and that can have adverse effects on human health. Early toxic metals like arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury, synthetic organic chemicals as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides (PCBs), specialty chemicals biphynyls biphenyls (PCBs) and the third human pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.

Metals are chemical elements and can not be destroyed, broken or degenerated in the environment. Toxic metals are deposited on the sea have impacts on human health, especially arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. These four metals are of particular interest because they are known to be toxic to human health and are found in high concentrations in the estuaries of rivers and the sea. Chromium, selenium and copper were found in concentrations of less, but still worrying because in areas in contact with people. Consumption of contaminated fish is the main route of indirect exposure to toxic metals. Marine organisms such as fish, crabs and shellfish bio accumulate these toxic metals through their gills to swim and feed on the infected subject. Arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury can cause acute and chronic illnesses such as gastro-intestinal bleeding, Comas, liver and nerve damage, skin and lung cancer, emphysema, anemia, kidney, liver, pancreas damage, damage to bones, blood disorders, reproductive disorders, eye damage, respiratory and skin lesions.

Organic chemicals used in industry, these chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food additives. The behavior of these chemicals in natural environments ranging from accumulation of organisms that decomposes rapidly when exposed to light, heat or water to be very resilient and are metabolized by other organisms in more or less toxic compounds to the resistance against bio - degradation. Like toxic metals, organic chemicals have direct and indirect routes to human health from direct contact with organic chemicals and indirectly by ingestion of infected animals and plants. The route of direct contact is rare at sea, only organic chemicals in low concentrations, this method is not a bad effect on human health due to low concentrations. Again, as with toxic metals the indirect route of consuming contaminated seafood could be most harmful to human health. Chlorobenzenes, chlorinated pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons are found in seafood. These chemicals all adverse effects on human health, including causing cancer, skin and liver disorders.

Human pathogens are micro-organisms capable of inducing human diseases. Human pathogens enter the sea from the discharge of wastewater, sewage and wastewater treatment plant effluent. Pathogens are also found in commercial food waste and animal waste and organic household waste from hospitals and laboratories. Many of these pathogens are discharged to surface water or wastewater treatment plants. In rural areas, bacterial contamination from animal waste, runoff and poorly treated sewage discharge. De zee zelf is een bron van ziektekiemen die zich voordoen en verspreiden van nature in mariene wateren. Viruses and bacteria are the main waste-borne agents of human disease with respect to the concentration in the waste and the environment and the diseases they cause. Both direct and indirect exposure of humans are important aspects of human health effects. This is because only a small number of agencies are needed to cause illness. Evidence has shown that some bacteria, including known human pathogens can survive at sea for up to three months. Many parasites and viruses are very resistant to environmental destruction. Many human pathogens seem better in coastal or estuary areas of open sea survival. Large parts of the coastal waters and estuaries in the U.S. are closed shell fishing because of pollution by sewage micro-organisms. Seafood-borne bacterial diseases have been responsible for typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera and viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in the U.S.. Some diseases such as typhoid bacteria contracted by swimming or surfing in water that is contaminated with sewage. Many divers are affected by conditions such as dermatitis, wound infections and enteric diseases.